glossary

1. moral realism (absolutism): holds that moral judgments can be objectively true or false, regardless of culture.
   
2. utility: happiness; pleasure
3. act utilitarianism: the rightness or wrongness of each action depends directly on whether it fits the utilitarian principle
4. paradox of hedonism: seeking nothing but your own happiness will never make you happy
5. central insight: what is fair to one is fair to all
6. imperatives: commands issued by reason to act in various ways
7. categorical imperative: when an action is commanded as being good without qualification
8. hypothetical imperative: when an action is commanded as being necessary for bringing about some further end
9. good will: the only thing good without qualification
10. eudamonia: activity of the soul in accordance with virtue; happiness
11. virtue: excellence (possible only with rationality)
12. incontinence: weakness of the will
13. samsara: cycle of birth and death
14. karma: cycle of cause and effect

1-5, 12: lecture, 6-9: Kant, 10-11: Aristotle, 13-14: buddha